CDC Launches Effort to Protect Cancer Patients from Infections

Each year more than 1 million patients receive cancer treatment in an outpatient oncology clinic. Despite advances in oncology care, infections from both community and healthcare settings remain a major cause of hospitalization and death among cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.  To help protect this vulnerable patient population, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is launching a new program featuring tools to help both clinicians and patients prevent infections.

Cancer patients receiving chemotherapy often have weak immune systems and need to be kept safe against germs, says CDC director Thomas Frieden, MD, MPH.  These new resources help patients take an active role in protecting themselves against infection and give doctors, nurses, and other clinicians necessary tools to better prevent infection.

CDCs Preventing Infections in Cancer Patients program is a comprehensive initiative focusing on providing information, action steps, and tools for patients, their families, and their health care providers to reduce the risk of life-threatening infections during chemotherapy treatment. These resources include an interactive website (www.preventcancerinfections.org) for cancer patients and caregivers, as well as a Basic Infection Control and Prevention Plan for use by outpatient oncology settings. 

The new website, called 3 Steps Toward Preventing Infections During Cancer Treatment, includes a questionnaire that helps cancer patients understand their risk for developing a condition called neutropenia, a low white blood cell count during chemotherapy. Neutropenia is a common and potentially dangerous side effect of chemotherapy that reduces a patients ability to fight infection. Cancer patients and caregivers can answer a few questions about their risk factors and receive information about how they can prepare, prevent and protect themselves from getting an infection during their cancer treatment:

1. Prepare:  Watch out for a fever during chemotherapy.
2. Prevent:  Clean your hands.
3. Protect:  Know the signs and symptoms of an infection and what to do if you develop any signs or symptoms.

 
For healthcare providers and facility administrators, The Basic Infection Control and Prevention Plan for Outpatient Oncology Settings includes key policies and procedures to ensure the facility meets or exceeds minimal expectations for patient safety, as described in the newly released CDC Guide to Infection Prevention in Outpatient Settings.  The elements in this plan are based on CDCs evidence-based guidelines and those from professional societies.

Outpatient oncology facilities attention to infection prevention varies greatly, says Alice Guh, MD, medical officer and co-lead of the initiative at CDC. Repeated outbreaks resulting from lapses in basic infection prevention practices, such as syringe reuse, have put patients at risk.  In some of these cases, the implicated clinic did not have written infection control policies and procedures or regular access to infection prevention expertise.

It is critical that care of this vulnerable patient population be provided under conditions that minimize the risk of healthcare-associated infections. This responsibility should be shared by clinicians, to follow best practices and facility administrators, to ensure that staff has appropriate resources and training.  A combined approach will help to emphasize the importance of creating a culture of infection prevention at all healthcare facilities.

The CDC recommends that outpatient oncology facilities utilize the plan in one of the following ways:
- Facilities that have a plan in place should ensure that its policies and procedures include the elements outlined in this tool.

-  Facilities without a plan should use this resource as a tool to draft and implement a plan for their facility. 
- Facilities can use this plan as written or modify it with facility-specific information. 

Preventing Infections in Cancer Patients was developed by oncology and infection prevention experts from CDC in partnership with external experts and the CDC Foundation.

To access the 3 Steps Toward Preventing Infections During Cancer Treatment website, visit www.preventcancerinfections.org.  To access the plan, checklist, clinician and patient education materials and additional information, visit http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/preventinfections.