November References

November References

"Brushing the Surface of Disinfectants"

By Kelli M. Donley, page 20.

1. www.infectioncontroltoday.com/articles/0b1feat2.html.

2. www.osha-slc.gov/html/faq-bbp.html.

3. www.infectioncontroltoday.com/articles/091clean.html.

4. Smith, F. SciReg, Inc. Palmero Healthcare. 2001.

"Glove Standards Keep Evolving"

By Pamela Werner, page 22.

1. Groce, D. Safety assurance: how glove manufacturers standardize andmaintain glove integrity. Infection Control Today. June 1999:50-56.

2. Tillotson, T. Glove regulations. Infection Control Today. Sept.1999:30.

3. Korniewicz, D. Glove technology for a new millennium. Infection ControlToday. Sept. 1999:20-28.

4. Fleming, P. A review of the FDA medical glove reclassification proposal.July 1999, Source To Surgery, April 2000 Vol. 8: 3.

5. Smith, L. Proposed FDA reclassification leads changes in glove market. MedicalProducts Sales.November 1999:33-34.

6. IMS American, Healthcare Division: Hospital Supply Index, Philadelphia,IMS America.

7. ASTM Standards 2000, www.astm.org.

8. Federal Register. Vol. 65, No. 221, Nov. 15, 2000, pp. 69022-69030.

"Maximizing Hand-Hygiene Compliance to Improve Outcomes: A New Tool forInfection Control"

By Eleanor J. Fendler, PhD, MD and Patricia A. Groziak, MS, page 40.

1. Jarvis, W.R. Selected aspects of the socioeconomic impact of nosocomialinfections: morbidity, mortality, cost, and prevention. Infect Control HospEpidemiol. 1996;17: 552-557; 2000 CDC 4th Decennial International Conferenceon Nosocomial and Healthcare-associated Infections, March 5-9, 2000, Atlanta,GA.

2. Pittet, D.; Mourounga, P. and Perneger, T.V. Compliance with handwashingin a teaching hospital. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:126-130.

3. Jackson, N.M.; Fierer, J.; Connor-Barrett, E.; Fraser, D.; Klauber, M.R.and Hatch, R., et al. Intensive surveillance for infections in the three yearstudy of nursing home patients. Am J Epidemiol. 1992;135:685-696.

4. Jarvis, W.R. Handwashing - the Semmelweis lesson forgotten? Lancet.1994; 344:1311-1312.

5. Meengs, M.R.; Giles, B.K. and Chisholm, C.D. Handwashing frequency in anemergency department. J Emerg Nurs. 1994;20:183-188.

6. Doebbeling, B.N.; Stanley, G.L. and Sheetz, C.I. Comparative efficacy ofalternative hand-washing agents in reducing nosocomial infections in intensivecare units. N Engl J Med. 1992;327:88-93.

7. Goldmann, D. and Larson, E. Hand-washing and nosocomial infections. NEngl J Med. 1992;327:120-122.

8. Bischoff, W.E.; Reynolds, T.M.; Sessler, C.N.; Edmond, M.B. and Wenzel,R.P. Handwashing compliance by health care workers. The impact of introducing anaccessible, alcohol-based hand antiseptic. Arch Intern Med.2000;160:1017-1021.

9. Larson, E. and Killien, M. Factors influencing handwashing behavior inpatient care personnel. Am J Infect Control. 1982;10:93-99.

10. Zimakoff, J.; Kjelsbert, A.B. and Larsen, S.O. A multicenterquestionnaire investigation of attitudes toward hand hygiene, assessed by thestaff in 15 hospitals in Denmark and Norway. Am J Infect Control.1992;20:58-64.

11. Voss, A. and Widmer, A.F. No time for handwashing? Handwashing versusalcoholic rub: Can we afford 100% compliance? Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol.1997;18:205-208.

12. Boyce, J.M.; Kellilher, S. and Vallande, N. Skin irritation and drynessassociated with two hand hygiene regimens: soap and water hardwashing versushand antisepsis with an alcoholic hand gel. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol.2000;21:442-448.

13. Pittet, D. Improving compliance with hand hygiene in hospitals. InfectControl Hosp Epidemiol. 2000;21:381-386.

14. Ojajrvi, J. Handwashing in Finland. J Hosp Infect. 1991;18(Supplement B):35-40.

15. Zargosa, M.; SaliÈs, M.; Gomez, J.; Bayas, J.M. and Trilla, A.Handwashing with soap or alcoholic solutions? A randomized clinical trial of itseffectiveness. Am J Infect Control. 1999;27:258-261.

16. Pittet, D.; Hugonnet, S.; Harbarth, P.; Mourouga, P.; Sauvan, V.;Touveneau, S. and Perneger, T.V. Effectiveness of a hospital-wide programme toimprove compliance with hand hygiene. Lancet. 2000;356:1307-1312.

17. Larson, E. Skin hygiene and infection prevention: more of the same ordifferent approaches? Clin Infect Dis. 1999;29:1287-1294.

18. Rotter, M.L. Hand washing and hand disinfection. In Mayhall CG, ed. HospitalEpidemiology and Infection Control. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 1996;Chapter 79:1052-1068.

19. Rotter, M.L. Alcohols for antisepsis of hands and skin. In Ascenzi JM,ed. Handbook of Disinfectants and Antiseptics. Marcel Dekker, Inc., NewYork. 1996; Chapter 10:177-233.

20. Ali, Y.; Dolan, M.J.; Fendler, E.J. and Larson, E.L. Alcohols. In BlockSS, ed. Sanitization, Disinfection and Sterilization. Lippincott Williamsand Wilkins, Philadelphia. 2001; Chapter 12:229-253.

21. Guilhermetti, M.; Hernandes, S.E.D.; Fukushigue, Y.; Garcia, L.B. andCardoso, C.L. Effectiveness of hand-cleansing agents for removing methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus from contaminated hands. Infect Control HospEpidemiol. 2001;22:105-108.

22. McNeil, S.A.; Foster, C.L.; Hedderwick, S.A. and Kaufman, C.A. Effect ofhand cleansing with antimicrobial soap or alcohol-based gel on microbialcolonization of artificial fingernails worn by healthcare workers. ClinInfect Dis. 2001;32: 367-372.

23. Pereira, L.J.; Lee, G.M. and Wade, K.J. An evaluation of five protocolsfor surgical handwashing in relation to skin condition and microbial counts. J.Hosp Infection. 1997; 36: 49-65.

24. Gross, A.; Cutright, D.E and D'Alessandro, S.M. Effect of surgical scrubon microbial population under the fingernails. Am. J. Surg. 1979; 138:463-465.

25. Mitchell, K.G. and Rawlulk, D.I.R. Skin reactions related to surgicalscrub-up results of a Scottish survey. Br. J. Surg. 1964; 71: 223-224.

26. Mackintosh, C.A. and Hoffman, P.N. An extended model for transfer ofmicro-organisms via the hands: differences between organisms and the effect ofalcohol disinfection. J. Hyg. Camb. 1984; 92: 345-355.

27. Nystrom, B. Scandinavian experience differs (letter). Infect. Control.1984; 5: 211.

28. Larson, E.L.; Eke, P.I. and Laughon, B.E. Efficacy of alcohol-based handrinses under frequent-use conditions. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1986;30: 542-544.

29. Larson, E.L.; Eke, P.I.; Wilder, M.P. and Laughon, B.E. Quantity of soapas a variable in handwashing. Infect Control. 1987; 8: 271-375.

30. Jones, M.Y.: Rowe, F.G.; Jackson, B. and Prichard, N.J. The use ofalcoholic paper wipes for routine hand cleansing: Results of trials in twohospitals. J Hosp Infect. 1986; 8: 268-274.

31. Rotter, M.L. Alcohols for antisepsis of hands and skin. Handbook ofDisinfectants and Antiseptics. J. M. Ascenzi, Ed.. , Marcel Dekker, Inc.,New York, 1996. pp. 177-233.

32. Rotter, M.L. Handwashing, hand disinfection, and skin disinfection. Preventionand Control of Nosocomial Infections. R.P. Wenzel, Ed., Williams andWilkins, Baltimore, 1997; pp. 691-709.

33. Fendler, E.J. Physico-chemical considerations. Skin Moisturization:Development and Clinical Use. M. Loden and H.I. Maibach, Eds. CRC Press,Boca Raton, 2000. pp. 175-182.

34. Newman, J.L. and Seitz, J.C. Intermittant use of an antimicrobial handgel for reducing soap-induced irritation of health care personnel. Am JInfect Control. 1990; 18: 194-200.

35. Pugliese, G. and Favero, M.S. (eds). Alcohol rubs: CDC's new hand hygieneguidelines. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2001; 22: 56-57.

36. Earl, M.L.; Jackson, M.M.; and Rickman, L.S. Improved rates of compliancewith hand antisepsis guidelines: A three-phase observational study. Am J Nurs.2001; 101: 26-33.

37. Hammond, B.; Ali, Y.; Fendler, E. and Dolan, M. Effect of hand sanitizeruse on elementary school absenteeism. Am J Infect Control. 2000; 28:340-346.

38. Fendler, E.; Ali, Y.; Hammond, B.S.; Lyons, M.K.; Kelley, M.B. and Vowell,N.A. The impact of alcohol hand sanitizer use on infection rates in an extendedcare facility. Am J Infect Control. 2001; (in press).

Best Practices

By Pat Tydell, page 51.

1. US Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug AdministrationCenter of Devices and Radiological Health. Enforcement priorities for single-usedevices reprocessed by third parties and hospitals. August 14, 2000.

2. FDA's proposed strategy on reuse of single-use devices. August 24, 2001. www.ffda.gov/cdrh/reuse/singleuse/html.

3. Harbrecht, Doug. Sterilization A to Z. Infection Control Today.June 2001.

4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Nosocomial infection andpseudoinfection from contaminated endoscopes and bronchoscopes. Wisconsin andMissouri. October 4, 1991.

5. Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. InsidePerspectives. "Exposure to Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease. Issue 20, June, 2001.

6. West, John C. "Risk Management Issues in the Reuse of Single UseDevices: American Society for Healthcare Risk Managers. Summer, 2000.

7. United States Surgical Corp. v. Orris, Inc. 5 F. Supp. 2nd 1201 aat 1207.

8. Annals of Internal Medicine. Position paper. Ethics Manual, 4th edition.April 1998.

9. Selvey, Don. Medical device reprocessing: is it good for yourorganization? Infection Control Today. January 2001.

10. APIC. Responding to Safer Sharps Legislation. January 21, 2001.

11. AORN. Reuse of Single Use Disposable Devices. AORN Online.

12. Walker, E.D. Reuse of disposable medical devices. American Society ofHealthcare Risk Managers. Fall 1984.