Despite decades of progress transforming HIV from a fatal diagnosis into a manageable chronic condition, today’s antiretroviral therapies still face a stubborn barrier: They work brilliantly in theory but fall short when access, adherence, and real-world challenges get in the way. As long-acting injectables emerge and curative research accelerates, developers are being pushed to design interventions that perform not just in controlled trials, but in the complex realities of the communities most affected by HIV.
