Enhanced Treatment for Hepatitis C Could Cut Prevalence by 80 Percent

Novel antiviral therapies for hepatitis C could reduce the prevalence of the bloodborne infection by more than 80 percent, according to an analysis by Yale researchers. The finding raises the possibility of greatly reducing, and even eliminating, hepatitis C in the United States if enhanced screening and treatment efforts target high-risk populations. The study was published online Dec. 1 in Clinical Infectious Diseases.

Recently approved direct-acting antiviral medications have transformed treatment for individuals with hepatitis C virus (HCV), and are effective in more than 90 percent of cases. The antivirals have the potential to significantly reduce or eliminate HCV in two ways: through treatment to prevent HCV-related complications and deaths, and by preventing further transmission among injection-drug users.

To study the effects of the new treatments on the U.S. population, the Yale team developed a transmission model to predict the effect of treatment with direct-acting antivirals over time. They also quantified the impact of use of the antivirals at current and at enhanced screening and treatment rates. Their analysis included outcomes such as cirrhosis, liver transplants, and mortality.

"The key finding is that a four-fold increase to the number of patients treated each year could virtually eliminate HCV from the non-injecting population within a decade," says Jeffrey Townsend, associate professor of public health and senior author of the study. More modest increases in screening and treatment would also markedly reduce new infections and mortality, Townsend and co-authors determined.

The researchers also noted that expanded screening and treatment alone would not be sufficient to reduce HCV among individuals most at risk -- injection-drug users. "In order to completely eliminate HCV, efforts to access that community are extremely important," says David Durham, lead author of the study. Such efforts might include enhanced screening and treatment with the new therapies in combination with targeted behavioral interventions such as needle-exchange programs or opioid substitution therapy.

"We should be very optimistic about the prospect of eliminating HCV as a disease within the U.S. using these direct acting antivirals, especially if they are combined with targeted behavioral interventions to reduce transmission," adds Townsend. However, he added, "due to the currently high cost of these treatments, as a society we need to think carefully about how to make that happen."

Other Yale authors include David P. Durham, Laura A. Skrip, R. Douglas Bruce, Dr. Silvia Vilarinho and Alison P. Galvani. Elamin H. Elbasha is a co-author.

The research was funded by the Notsew Orm Sands Foundation and Merck.

Source: Yale University