Polio Victory Remembered on 50th Anniversary of Salk Vaccine Field Trials

McLEAN, Va. -- Fifty years ago today, thousands of parents drove their school-age children to designated sites across the country for immunizations of an experimental vaccine that they hoped would stop, once and for all, the raging polio epidemic that was leaving young Americans paralyzed and sometimes dead. Organized and funded by the March of Dimes, this was the largest voluntary clinical trial ever undertaken.

One year later, the Salk vaccine was declared "safe, potent and effective." Within only a few years, polio rates in the United States had dropped dramatically. Polio has since been eliminated from the Western Hemisphere and the World Health Organization hopes polio will be eliminated from the world by 2005.

"This is what we as Americans can accomplish when we band together," said Dr. Jennifer L. Howse, president of the March of Dimes, in remarks made at the Franklin Sherman Elementary School in McLean, Va., the first site where the inoculations were offered on April 26, 1954. Some 1.8 million children, known as Polio Pioneers, in grades one, two and three in 44 states from Maine to California eventually took part in the three-inoculation sequence over the next year; some 4,000 children alone at Franklin Sherman participated in the trials.

"Volunteer support put the threat of polio behind us in 1954, just as volunteer support today is critical in the fight to address premature birth and infant mortality in this country," said Howse, referring to the foundation's current five-year, $75 million campaign to raise awareness of premature birth as a public health issue, fund research to find its causes, and ultimately prevent babies from being born too soon.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently announced the rate of infant mortality is up for the first time since 1958, and cited prematurity which affects over 470,000 births each year as a major cause of the rise.

The March of Dimes, formerly known as the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, funded Dr. Jonas Salk's groundbreaking work on the Salk polio vaccine and then, through its volunteers and health networks, organized the vaccination clinics, record keeping, parents' meetings, blood samplings, stand-by transportation, and make-up clinics for absentees at each of the clinical trial sites.

These ceremonies today also marked the CDC's National Infant Immunization Week (April 25, 2004 through May 1, 2004), drawing attention to the importance of immunizing infants against 12 vaccine-preventable diseases by the age of 2 with the theme, "Love Them. Protect Them. Immunize Them." "Immunization has been cited as one of the 10 greatest public health achievements of the 20th century. Millions of children have been vaccinated, and millions of cases of disease, disability and death have been prevented," said Dr. Steve Cochi, acting director of the CDC's National Immunization Program.

On site today with Howse were: Anna Eleanor Roosevelt, granddaughter of March of Dimes founder and President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, March of Dimes National Chair of the Salk Vaccine 50th Anniversary, and a member of the March of Dimes national Board of Trustees; Anita Perry, first lady of Texas, March of Dimes National Chair for Childhood Immunization; and Dr.Cochi of the CDC's National Immunization Program.

The March of Dimes will distribute 1 million immunization reminder brochures through its chapters in the next year. The brochure was produced with support from the Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW) and AT&T.

Aventis Pasteur is a major supporter of the Salk Vaccine 50th Anniversary events

The March of Dimes is a national voluntary health agency whose mission is to improve the health of babies by preventing birth defects and infant mortality. Founded in 1938, the March of Dimes funds programs of research, community services, education, and advocacy to save babies and in 2003 launched a five-year campaign to address the increasing rate of premature birth. For more information, visit the March of Dimes Web site at http://marchofdimes.com or its Spanish Web site at http://nacersano.org.

Source: March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation