Intermittent Prophylaxis Prevents Malaria in Infants

Giving infants preventive treatment for malaria can reduce malaria and anemia even in seasonal, high transmission areas such as Ghana, finds a study in this weeks British Medical Journal. But concern exists about a possible rebound when treatment is stopped, warn the authors.

The study followed more than 2,400 infants in Ghana who were given a preventive treatment for malaria or a placebo when they received routine vaccinations and at 12 months of age.

Preventive treatment reduced malaria by 25 percent and anemia by 35 percent up to age 15 months. However, malaria levels increased 20 percent when treatment was stopped in the second year of life.

The protective effect was also substantially lower than that reported from previous studies in Tanzania.

Because these findings run counter to earlier studies, the authors suggest that more data are needed to decide on the appropriate dose schedule for preventive drugs in areas with high seasonal transmission and its interaction with insecticide treated bed nets.

However, intermittent preventive treatment in infants, linked to the expanded program of immunization schedule, has the potential to reduce the burden of malaria even in areas with high seasonal transmission, they conclude.

Reference: Cluster randomized trial of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in infants in areas of high, seasonal transmission in Ghana BMJ Volume 331, pp 727-33.

Source: British Medical Journal