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Naturally Occurring "Protective RNA" Used to Develop New Antiviral Against Influenza
Researchers from the University of Warwick in Coventry, United Kingdom have developed a new antiviral using naturally occurring influenza virus "protecting virus" that may defend against any influenza A virus in any animal host. They report their findings in the September 2008 issue of the Journal of Virology.
Human influenza virus A is not only responsible for seasonal disease in humans, it is also the cause of worldwide pandemics of which the last three resulted in millions of deaths all over the globe. Currently, live and killed vaccines countering specific strains of the flu are available, however a vaccine for a new pandemic strain would take months to develop. Also, increased resistance to antivirals currently on the market has emphasized the need for a new effective prophylactic and therapeutic treatment method.
The "protecting virus" contains an altered gene that makes it harmless and prevents it from reproducing in a cell. If another influenza virus invades the cell it still remains harmless, but rapidly reproduces and prevents infection by literally crowding out the new influenza strain.
In the study researchers used a "protecting virus" (known as 244) as an influenza A antiviral therapy and tested it in mice. A 120-ng intranasal dose completely protected mice simultaneously challenged with 10 50 percent lethal doses of influenza A/WSN (H1N1) virus. The 244 protecting virus also protected mice against strong doses of H2N2, H3N2, and H3N8. Prophylactic activity was maintained in mice at least 1 week prior to challenge and a clear therapeutic benefit was observed when administered 24 to 48 hours following a lethal challenge. Finally, the 244 protecting virus was noted to be 10- to 100-fold more active than previous defective influenza A viruses.
Reference: Dimmock NJ, Rainsford EW, Scott PD, Marriot AC. Influenza virus protecting RNA: an effective prophylactic and therapeutic antiviral. J Virology. 82;17: 8570-8578. 2008.